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Spatial justice is a relatively recent concept, often associated with David Harvey and Edward Soja. Much of the literature on the topic focuses on understanding social justice issues, but we cannot forget the environmental challenges that are equally important in this discussion. In this way, spatial justice connects the spatial dimension to issues of social and environmental justice, making them inseparable (Brown et al., 2007, p. 27). More recently, environmental justice has evolved to include other species, not just humans, giving rise to the so-called multispecies environmental justice.
Spatial justice seeks to understand the inequalities that arise on the territory, but it also proposes itself as an active project to transform it (Salamanca Villamizar et al., 2016, p. 15). This approach focuses on benefiting the most disadvantaged sectors in search of balance and equity (Adegeye & Coetzee, 2019, p. 387). Therefore, spatial justice is not a static ideal or a finished product, it is a process that requires continuous efforts and actions (Brawley, 2009, p. 16). In this process, decisions play a fundamental role because they can, deliberately or not, balance or unbalance the geographical conditions of society and the environment (Hafeznia & Ghaderi Hajat, 2015). Spatial justice is thus a highly dynamic condition that is in constant transition (Ansaloni y Tedeschi, 2016, p. 330).
Spatial justice is a concept that focuses on the equitable distribution of resources, opportunities, and services, and on the right of individuals and communities of all species to inhabit and use space in a beneficial, fair, and sustainable way. It seeks to promote multidisciplinary conversations that should happen every day, but they do not (Williams, 2013, p. 21), and to build formulas for acting in a globalized world taking into account local characteristics (Bret, 2018, p. 13). For reasons such as these, it has been placed at the center of a discussion that has advanced strongly in recent decades and is still under development (Dadashpoor & Alvandipour, 2018). In other words, spatial justice is a recent and highly relevant concept today whose state of the art still shows important gaps.
Proposed Approach for Studying Spatial Justice
Given the complexity of the topic and the need to delve deeper into its research, this discussion raises perspectives to contribute to the study and construction of a contemporary proposal for spatial justice that is based on three concepts: deductions, demonstrations, and derivations.
Deductions examine historical patterns and theoretical developments to understand the evolution of spatial justice. They explore the use and conceptualization of space from abstract scenarios to diverse social, economic, political, and environmental contexts, including the causes and trends that lead to equity or inequality.
Demonstrations focus on the practical application of spatial justice principles, particularly through experiments and case studies. They relate to the literal and figurative ways in which spaces can be places of confinement, expansion, inclusion, and exclusion. Demonstrations explore how space can create physical or metaphorical barriers or points of relationship that affect the rights and lives of people and other living beings. This involves examining real-world examples to understand the manifestation of spatial justice in different contexts.
Derivations revolve around a multidisciplinary approach that includes the implications of the decisions and actions that are taken, as well as future scenarios. This aspect involves examining how spatial justice concepts and practices are influenced by knowledge from various disciplines and the long-term effects that these trends could have. Derivations also explore how these diverse perspectives inform and shape policy formulation, emphasizing the important role of design and planning in the implementation of spatial justice principles and the addressing of inequalities.
In conclusion, the three perspectives of deductions, demonstrations, and derivations provide a framework for studying spatial justice issues. This framework is based on the understanding that spatial justice is an evolving issue that requires constant analysis. By examining historical patterns, theoretical developments, practical applications, and future scenarios, we can gain a deeper understanding of spatial justice and develop more effective strategies for achieving it.
